Please check that most Ottoman coins HAVE the Toughra of the Sultan. The early ones may have it lesser but last 2 Centuries , almost all.

Identification via Toughra is very important .  Some modern coins of Afghanistan & Pakistan may carry Toughra-like inscriptions BUT Ottoman Toughra expires together with the Foundation of Turkish Republic in 1923.

I see many dealers listing an Islamic coin as " Mostly Ottoman " . Ottoman coins were used for many Centuries in 3 Continents BUT not all Arabic Legend coins are Ottoman.

Last but not least , any coin with Arabic Legend BUT also a visage of a human being CANNOT be Ottoman because Human Visage was forbidden in Ottoman Coinage as well as in paintings and sculpture.

Thanks.

CEM BARLOK - ISTANBUL