The sonnet, a 14-line poem, has two main types: English (or Shakespearean) and Italian (or Petrarchan). Here, we present the format for writing a Shakespearean sonnet.
 
  
 
 
  Steps: 
1.   Select the subject matter for your sonnet. Themes have often focused on love or philosophy, but modern sonnets can cover almost any topic. 
 
2.   Divide the theme of your sonnet into two sections. In the first section you will present the situation or thought to the reader; in the second section you can present some sort of conclusion or climax. 
 
3.   Compose your first section as three quatrains - that is, three stanzas of four lines each. 
 
4.   Write the three quatrains with an a-b-a-b, c-d-c-d, e-f-e-f rhyme scheme, where each letter stands for a line of the sonnet and the last words of all lines with the same letter rhyme with each other. Most sonnets employ the meter of iambic pentameter (see Tips), as seen in these three quatrains from Shakespeare's 'Sonnet 30': 
 
5.   When to the sessions of sweet silent thought (a)/ I summon up remembrance of things past, (b)/ I sigh the lack of many a thing I sought, (a)/ And with old woes new wail my dear time's waste: (b)/ Then can I drown an eye, unused to flow, (c)/ For precious friends hid in death's dateless night, (d)/ And weep afresh love's long since canceled woe, (c)/ And moan the expense of many a vanished sight: (d)/ Then can I grieve at grievances foregone, (e)/ And heavily from woe to woe tell o'er (f)/ The sad account of fore-bemoan�d moan, (e)/ Which I new pay as if not paid before. (f) 
 
6.   Compose the last section as a couplet - two rhyming lines of poetry. This time, use a g-g rhyme scheme, where the last words of the two lines rhyme with each other. We refer once more to 'Sonnet 30': 
 
7.   But if the while I think on thee, dear friend, (g)/ All losses are restored and sorrows end. (g) 
 
 
  Tips: 
 An iamb is a type of metrical 'foot' used in a poem. It is composed of two syllables, with the accent on the second syllable. Examples: 'to-day' or 'en-rage.' 
 
 Pentameter means that there are five metrical feet per line. Iambic pentameter means that each line of the poem consists of five iambic feet, or 10 total syllables. An example from Shakespeare: 'Good pilgrim you do wrong your hand too much.' 
 
 In the Italian sonnet, use an a-b-b-a-a-b-b-a rhyme scheme for the first section (called the 'octave'), and a rhyme scheme of c-d-e-c-d-e or c-d-c-d-c-d in the second section (called the 'sestet'). 
 
 Many modern sonnets do not rhyme at all, but instead simply present 14 lines with 10 syllables each.