This information is being shared from personal experience(s) when titling a motorcycle, the NHTSA, my local and state DMVs, and many sources both in print and at official websites. The information has been condensed to more easily inform you where titling your motorcycle. Always consult your own local DMV, as the process may vary slightly in your state.

 What is an MSO?  An MSO is a manufacture's statement of origin. When  a motorcycle frame is issued an MSO, it will be stamped with a 17 digit number that will become your motorcycle's official VIN number. This number will be on your MSO certificate, to match your frame. The certificate often has watermarks, microprint, and other anti-counterfeitting devices, and looks very official. The National Highway Travel & Safety Administration (NHTSA) have strict guidelines for the creation of VIN numbers and a manufacturer that issues MSOs must comply with their guidelines. You do not have to have an MSO to title your bike, but it might save you an extra trip to the DMV if you have one. Also, your make of motorcycle is often regarded as the same as the MSO's issuer. EXAMPLE:

 A frame by Santee with a Santee MSO, will be regarded as the make of motorcycle on your actual title. Not to mention that the date of issue on the MSO will likely become the year of manufacture on your title. EXAMPLE:

A frame you purchased in 2003 that has an MSO with 2003 as its year of manufacture, means your motorcycle will be officially regarded as a 2003 model, even if you don't complete your motorcycle until 2008, your model year will appear as 2003 on your title.

 What is a C. of O.?    A  C. of O. is a certificate of origin. It is basically a bill of sale that likely states the product's original manufacturer, along with any corresponding serial numbers that might apply. A  C. of O. will never have a 17 digit VIN number, and are not used in the creation of a VIN number as per NHTSA rules. C. of O.'s commonly establish the manufacture's identity to assess liability in the production of vital components, such as an engine or transmission. They sometimes are issued by frame manufactures and may look like an MSO, but they will be clearly marked  at the top and center of the page as a C. of O.

 What is a Bill of Sale?   A bill of sale is a document used to assign ownership of an item, or group of items, from one person to another. A bill of sale should include the sellers name, the new owners name, any relevant serial numbers on the item(s), and date of issue. A bill of sale or a C. of O. can be used in the title process in place of an MSO. Yes, that's right, but rules do apply... when you have assembled your motorcycle, take all your receipts to your DMV, and tell them you want to apply for a VIN number. They will require all your relevant receipts, and send you a VIN Label in the mail. Affix the VIN Label as per the requirements and get a Sherrif's Inspection (that is to state an officer of the court has viewed the VIN Label on the motorcycle and that it meets the requirements). Now that you have an actual VIN number, you can complete the title process.