from guide: Guitar Wood Types and Tones (Body, Body top, Neck, Fretboard)

Chapter 4. Guitar Fretboard Woods

Perhaps more significant than neck wood, the fretboard is the place your string launches from. It is the "bridge" on the other side. Fretboard differences are as dramatic as those between a hardtail and a tremolo.

Maple:

Very bright and dense, Maple is highly reflective. When used on a fretboard, Maple encourages tremendous amounts of higher overtones and its tight, almost filtered away bass favors harmonics (holy truth!) and variations in pick attack.

Rosewood:

The most common fretboard, Rosewood is naturally oily, and works well for any surface that sees frequent human contact. The sound is richer in fundamental than Maple because the stray overtones are absorbed into the oily pores

Ebony:

Ebony has a snappy, crisp attack with the density of Maple, but with more brittle grains, oilier pores, and a stronger fundamental tone than Maple. It has a tremendous amount of percussive overtones in the pick attack, that mute out shortly thereafter to foster great, long, sustain.

Pao Ferro:

Quite simply, Pao Ferro is a wood that falls between Rosewood and Ebony, and the tone follows suit. It has a snappier attack than rosewood, with good sustain, and its warmer sounding than Ebony. Some consider Pao Ferro to represent their favorite aspects of the two.
Stevie Ray Vaughan had Pao Ferro fretboard.

Learn more about Body, Body Tops, Necks and Fretboards at guide: Guitar Wood Types and Tones