Birth Month Modern Birthstones  Ancient Traditional Birthstones
Hebrew birthstones Roman birthstones Arabic birthstones Hindu birthstones
 
January Garnet Garnet Garnet Garnet Ruby 
February Amethyst Amethyst Amethyst Amethyst Topaz
March Aquamarine, Bloodstone Bloodstone Bloodstone Bloodstone Opal
April Diamond Sapphire Sapphire Sapphire Diamond
May Emerald Agate Agate Emerald Emerald
June Pearl, Moonstone Emerald Emerald Agate Pearl
July Ruby Onyx Onyx Carnelian Sapphire
August Peridot Carnelian Carnelian Sardonyx Ruby
September Sapphire Peridot Peridot Peridot Zircon
October Opal, Tourmaline Aquamarine Aquamarine Aquamarine Coral
November Yellow Topaz, Citrine Yellow Topaz Yellow Topaz Yellow Topaz Cats-eye
December Turquoise, Blue Topaz Ruby Ruby Ruby Topaz

Birthstones are various gems associated with the particular calendar months of the year, and are considered lucky to people who are born in those months. Some scholars attribute the origin of the tradition of birthstones to the Breastplate of Aaron (the brother of Moses), a religious caftan continue...

Birthstones originally may have been worn each month by everyone, since the powers of the gemstone were heightened during its month. If that is true, to get the full effect, you need to go out and get a full set of twelve birthstones and rotate them each month.
For more information about birthstones, the history of birthstones and powers (see also healing powers of gemstones) that have been associated with gemstones in different cultures and nations through the ages, try:

The Curious Lore of Precious Stones
by George Frederick Kunz, Bell Publishing, 1989 (and others). A classic reference to the legends and lore of Birthstones from the early twentieth century.

The Birthstones Petite Collection - Series of 12 books (September Birthstones, October Birthstone, March Birthstones, April Birthstone, May Birthstones, June Birthstone, July Birthstones, etc.) by Suzanne Siegel Zenkel. Hardcover (December 1995)
The Larousse Encyclopedia of Precious Gems:
by Pierre Bariand, Jean-Paul Poirot, Emmanuel Fritsch, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1992. A extensive reference that goes through the world of birthstones and gemstones, including history and lore as well as gemological information, gem by gem.
 

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Birthstones   Zodiac Stones   Birthstone Colors

 
Zodiac Sign Zodiac Stone Talismanic Stones Birthstones
 
Capricorn
(Dec. 22-Jan. 21) Ruby Onyx Garnet, Ruby, Turquoise, Blue Topaz, Lapis Lazuli 
Aquarius
(Jan.21 - Feb.21) Garnet Jasper  Amethyst, Garnet
Pisces
(Feb. 22-Mar. 21) Amethyst Ruby Bloodstone, Jasper, Amethyst
Aries
(Mar. 22-Apr. 20) Bloodstone Topaz Sapphire, Diamond, Jasper, Bloodstone, Aquamarine
Taurus
(Apr. 21-May 21) Sapphire Garnet Agate, Emerald, Sapphire, Diamond
Gemini
(May 22-June 21) Agate Emerald Emerald, Pearl, Alexandrite, AgateRuby
Cancer
(June 22-July 22) Emerald Sapphire Sardonyx, Ruby, Emerald, Pearl, Moonstone
Leo
(July 23-Aug. 22) Onyx Diamond Carnelian, Sardonyx, Peridot, Ruby
Virgo
(Aug. 23-Sept. 22) Carnelian Zircon Sapphire, Carnelian, Sardonyx, Peridot
Libra
(Sept. 23-Oct. 23) Peridot Agate Aquamarine, Opal, Tourmaline, Sapphire
Scorpio
(Oct. 24-Nov. 21) Beryl Amethyst Topaz, Aquamarine, Tourmaline, Opal
Sagittarius
(Nov. 22-Dec. 21) Topaz Beryl Blue Topaz, Blue Zircon, Ruby, Lapis Lazuli, Turquoise, Citrine

Colored Gems achieved extensive use as talismans and amulets, future predictors, healing aids and important components to many religious practices worldwide. It was also believed that some planets influenced different birthstones and that stones transmit the powers given to those corresponding planets.
Books:
Astrological Healing Gems by Shivaji Bhattacharjee. Paperback (November 1990)

The Secret Language of Birthstones: Personology Profiles for Each Day of the Year by Gary Goldschneider, Aron Goldschneider (Editor), Joost Ellfers (Contributor): Facts about birthdays as well as information on birthstones.

The Book of Sacred Stone: Fact and Fallacy in the Crystal Worldby Barbara G. Walker, Werner P. Brodde (Photographer). Paperback (September 1989)

The Book of Talismans, Birthstones, Amulets and Zodiacal Gems (1914) by William Thomas, Kate Pavitt. Paperback (March 1997)

Ancient Legends of Gems and Jewels by Alda Jangl, James F. Jangl. Paperback (August 1989): Ancient legends about birthstones and gemstones.

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Birthstones   Zodiac Stones   Birthstone Colors
Colors:
As the most intensely colored natural material, gems have become synonomous with color: everyone knows ruby red, emerald green, sapphire blue, aquamarine, turquoise, and jade green.
The Gemstone market today has an extensive selection of colors which span the entire color pallet.
In red, you have the choice not only of ruby, but also tourmaline, spinel, or garnet. In green, there is not only emerald and jade, but also tourmaline, tsavorite garnet, and peridot. The wide range of birthstones and gemstones available today means that no matter what your favorite color is, a birthstone is available to match it in your desired price range. 

 
Red Pink Orange Green Yellow Violet Blue
      
Ruby Ruby Sapphire Emerald Sapphire Amethyst Sapphire 
Garnets Sapphire Garnets Tourmaline
Multicolored Citrine Garnets Aquamarine
Tourmaline
Multicolored Spinel Citrine Tsavorite Garnet Chrysoberyl Sapphire Topaz
Spinel Garnets Topaz Demantoid Garnet Topaz Spinel Tourmaline
Multicolored 
Alexandrite
Multicolored Morganite Beryl Fire Opal
Multicolored Peridot Zircon Tanzanite Spinel
- Topaz - Jade Heliodor Beryl Jadeite Tanzanite
- Tourmaline
Multicolored - Sapphire Amber - Zircon
- - - Alexandrite
Multicolored Tourmaline
Multicolored - Lapis Lazuli 
- - - - Garnets - Turquoise